This issue of the Journal of Modern and Contemporary Christianity documents a workshop held at Villa Vigoni, the German-Italian Centre for European Dialogue, in October 2023. The opening of the Vatican archives for the pontificate of Pius XII has also created new possibilities for research into the history of theology. The Franco-German-Italian workshop (which was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) examined ongoing projects in this context and related them to earlier research on the history of the Magisterium and Roman censorship.