The essay by Christiane Liermann Traniello "Alla ricerca di un'identità nazionale: il ruolo delle confessioni" (en. “In search of a national identity: the role of confessions”) is part of the miscellaneous "Italia e Germania tra Ottocento e Novecento" (en. “Italy and Germany in the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries” - Proceedings of the Conference held in Como at the Chiostro di Sant'Abbondio on 31 October 2017), curated by Gabriella Mangione and Lino Panzeri. The contribution offers a comparative analysis between Protestantism in Germany and Catholicism in Italy in relation to the birth of the two national states in the second half of the nineteenth century.